History short paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History short paper - Essay Example The essential source demonstrates that during this timeframe, religion was common and practically all France residents and inhabitants could relate to a type of strict conviction. The decree was essentially tending to strict issues. The law plots that during this timeframe, Catholic was the perceived religion, with a large portion of the French rehearsing or being required to rehearse Catholic as a religion, as gave by the declarations and sculptures. The Edict of Nantes additionally drew out the way that relating to a particluar religion was a reason for strict segregation. The Protestants were not allowed to venerate unreservedly and out in the open. What's more, it shows that during this timespan, the legislature was one-sided and didn't serve its subject as equivalents. Aside from denying them their strict opportunity, the administration didn't perceive protestant relationships and named them as illicit leaving the kids to be marked as ill-conceived. This, along these lines, was a block to property rights and property legacy. The expanded degree of segregation and clashes among religions came about into viciousness in different locales. In France, for instance, there were an aggregate of eight flare-ups of viciousness as an issue of strict contrasts. The best being St Bartholomew’s Day slaughter in Paris (Bramlett 2-4). The best issue that the Edict of Nantes proposed to address was strict opportunity. It for sure o perceive that France had numerous subjects who had various interests. These interests included issues, for example, love and it was essential for them to be permitted to rehearse what they accepted. The other issue that the decree obviously brought out was that marriage must be legitimate, paying little heed to ones religion. This was advantageous for the protestants whose relationships, as demonstrated above, were not perceived as legitimate. Authorizing relationships for all religions guaranteed that all youngsters accomplished the option to acquire property. The order, nonetheless, despite everything underscored on Catholic

The ongoing National Policy Debate through the lens of the American Enlightenment

A Summary of the Policy Reform Policy change banter in the United States rotates around monetary issues that the nation is encountering. By and by, the United States has an immense open obligation. Therefore, the United States can't meet its commitments towards its kin and laborers. A few states, for example, Illinois and California are practically bankrupt. Similarly, most nearby governments have failed, while paces of joblessness in the states remain moderately high.Advertising We will compose a custom research project test on The continuous National Policy Debate through the perspective of the American Enlightenment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The journey to deliver these issues appears to have raised heaps of dispute among individuals from the two sides of government. The Republicans and Democrats contend obviously in regards to the most ideal approach to deal with the economy of the United States. Nonetheless, there exists some understanding between ke y financial analysts from the two sides, on key issues that influence the country. In my point of view, the progressing national discussion isn't authentic, as it acquires creation to serve the interests of a couple of people. At the end of the day, this discussion is political and it doesn't try to serve the interests of basic residents. This paper presents a conversation about issues encompassing arrangement change utilizing the instruments of the establishing discussions, standards, and archives of the United States. Relative Analysis Social Contract: Representative Governance Social agreement hypothesis contends that the legislature has two key duties. To start with, it is the job of the administration to guarantee that residents don't hurt one another and second, the legislature must guarantee that residents keep guarantees among themselves. As per this hypothesis, residents must be prepared to give up some extent of their freedom in order to keep up a steady, social setting. T his hypothesis likewise perceives the job of the constitution and the need to sanction the constitution as a piece of the implicit agreement. Also, the hypothesis advocates for free enterprise. Glancing back at the progressing national strategy banter in the United States, it appears as though the Republicans don't completely perceive the administration by the Democrats. The Republicans should give up some extent of their freedom and permit the Democrats to create strategy changes that best suits the nation.Advertising Looking for research project on government? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Classical Liberalism: Natural Rights Classical radicalism perceives that all individuals have a privilege to common rights (Rosenblum and Robert 27). These rights acquire an affirmation in America’s free proviso. Old style leftists keep up that common rights ought to decide the right size and elements of government. The scholar s concur that administration frequently abuses normal privileges of residents. They likewise contend that free enterprise is the main good financial framework, since it bases on intentional activity. One part of free enterprise is property rights. America has property rights that get settled in so well that their fundamental criticalness for the reasonable working of the entrepreneur framework turns out to be handily dismissed. Consequently, arrangement change ought to be coordinated towards accomplishing and protecting property rights. Group: Pluralism in an administration alludes to consideration of adversary parties in the legislature. Groups may pulverize brilliant administration since they overlook the requirement for the open prosperity in a contest including rival gatherings and trigger shakiness. In addition, the most predominant group succeeds at all occasions regardless of rights or reasonableness. The best way to kill negative effects of groups is to deny freedom. This vi ewpoint depicts the specific circumstance that the United States is encountering. The greater part of the argumentative issues that have caused the drawn out discussion start from the Republicans. Taking into account that the Republicans involve a key area of government administrators, they may pick to restrict each arrangement that begins from the Democrats. Desire: Elitism This viewpoint expects pioneers to be elites who can surrender to the necessities of the majority. In addition, this point of view expects pioneers to be accommodating. The Democrats included appear to be more educated than the Republicans with regards to the continuous open discussion on national arrangement. In addition, these Democrats are incredibly certain and goal-oriented with regards to approach detailing. Federalist Position Federalists bolster the constitution and don't think about the bill of rights as a basic device for making an incorrupt government. Federalists’ sentiment is that financial e lements have set off the discussion, however not the ineptitude of the constitution. Against Federalist Position Anti federalists hold the viewpoint that the constitution can't offer satisfactory assurance like the Bill of Rights. Enemies of federalists sentiment is that the United States, along with its neighborhood governments, can't meet their commitments towards their kin and laborers because of absence of an inadequate bills of rights system.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The progressing National Policy Debate through the viewpoint of the American Enlightenment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Constitutional Perspective The constitution specifies duties and privileges of the two officials and regular residents. While constitutions may not be perfect, composed constitutions fill in as the most amazing method of shielding various individuals and their inclinations. Henceforth, interests of Republicans acquire insurance by the con stitution. The United States Constitution perceives majority rule government and the privilege of articulation. Thus, the open strategy banter is inside the restrictions of the constitution. Bill of Rights Perspective The bill of rights ensures common freedoms allowed to every inhabitant of the United States, as found in the Fourteenth Amendment. Among these rights is the ability to speak freely. Consequently, the two gatherings reserve an option to communicate their suppositions through open discussion. This apparatus qualifies governments for meet their commitments towards residents. Thus, the United States and substance neighborhood governments have denied these rights to their kin by not giving sufficient work. Arrangements: the Principle of Compromise and Consensus Federalism viewpoint The establishing reports of the United States contain interests of residents. The archives include the constitution, the announcement of freedom, the bill of rights and alterations to the constit ution (Jefferson 29). Lawmakers who try to serve their individual advantages ought not be permitted to bargain any of the gauges built up in these records, since they speak to the American establishment. States Perspective The United States’ point of view on accord and bargain is that Republicans should bolster broad organization and raised charges. Be that as it may, the administration doesn't offer any instances of Democrats backing deregulation or decrease of assessments. As per the present government, the national intrigue is absolutely and completely the development of the degree, size and authority of government. The United States should, be that as it may, attempt to give the necessities of its residents. The majority of these requirements as distinguished by the discussion incorporate absence of business and indebtedness. The open approach discussion should look to address these issues, in order to guarantee that life is moderate and agreeable to these residents. Help ful Federalism Perspective The open strategy banter, in the United States, should grasp agreeable federalism point of view so as to take care of the monetary issues confronting the whole state. It tends to be hard for agents focused, in Washington, to recognize the requirements of substance states. Henceforth, element states can set up viable and important approaches through helpful federalism. Plus, understanding issues locally would include a littler populace than tackling these issues from Washington, as the quantity of those restricting huge points of view would be less in these areas.Advertising Searching for research project on government? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More My Proposal and Perspective From my point of view, the two gatherings should just trade off their standards, on open arrangement, after they finish up on the frailest understandings. This must happen in light of the fact that people who demonstrate ability to give up their standards effectively can't be trusted to proceed with the deal. The reason for bargain should be a success win circumstance with the two gatherings arranging and not simply concurring. Alternately, accord can't be gotten in cases that include a couple of individuals with comparative personalities. At whatever point the impact of this open strategy banter doesn't fulfill the two gatherings, such agreement ought not produce results as there will be deficient with regards to enough responsibility towards the exertion. The discussion on open approach has ended up being completely detached from accord to a specific bearing. Bothered Republicans have constrained their individuals to acknowledge places that are in strugg le with parts of current financial researchers. While this may serve the political needs of the Republicans, the approach isn't reasonable. The distinction between the circumstance of financial data and open arrangement banter in America has huge impacts. At present, numerous occupants in the United States are encountering challenges in light of high joblessness. Numerous books in the nation contain potential arrangements. In any case, Congressional Republicans don't make space for such books to be inspected. Or maybe, they additionally discourage those strategy designs that don't appear to have any discussions, from the point of view of most financial specialists. Works Cited Jefferson, Thomas. The Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, and the Articles of Confederation. Radford, VA: Wilder Publicati

How to Claim and Verify Blogger site in Alexa

How to Claim and Verify Blogger site in Alexa Alexa is an Amazon.coms company that provides actionable analytics for the website. Mainly provide information about traffic flow on a site. Alexa traffic rank is very important for analyzing the site performance. If you want to take your site in next level then your must work hard on it. But this is not possible to judge your site performance easily. Because to judge a site performance you must know the site statistic data, such as how many visitors are visiting your site, which country's people are randomly visiting your site? Visitor's age group, gender etc. And to know those all kinds of staff you must use Alexa Toolbar. In addition Alexa Rank is important for Google SEO. Because higher Alexa ranked Blogger site will get more priority than other low Alexa ranked site. Recommended:Manual and Automatic process to Boost Alexa Rank Rapidly However just adding toolbar in browser is not enough. Because you have to claim or add your site on Alexa and after that you have to verify your site. But Alexa will not force you to verify your site. So you have to do this by yourself. In this tutorial I will show you how we can claim and verify our Blogger site on Alexa. Get Site Verification ID from Alexa However before you proceed should have an Alexa registered account. But if you didnt registered yet then register with Alexa site by visiting http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo link. If you have already Alexa account then please follow the below steps- Step 1Go tohttp://www.alexa.com/siteinfo and sign in there. Step 2Now Press Add My Site button from top right corner and type your site Name. And press Continue button. Step 3Again copy thehttp://www.alexa.com/siteowners/claimURL and paste it on your Browsers address bar. And hit the Enter button from Keyboard. Step 4This will redirect to site ownership verification page. You will see there are 3 methods. Easiest way to verify a site with Meta tag. So select Method 2. You have to just click on Circle 2 by mouse pointer. Step 5Your Site Verification ID will be visible in an Expended box. Copy that Meta verification code. And dont click on Verify my ID button until adding the verification ID on your Blogger site. And dont close this page. Adding Site Verification ID in Blogger Template After that you have to place that Alexa verification Meta code in your Blogger Site. To do this follow the below steps- Step1Log in to yourBlogger Accountand Go to yourBlogger Dashboard Step2Click on Now click on-Template-Edit HTML Step3Now find theheadby pressing Ctrl+F (Windows) or CMD+F (Mac) Step4And Paste the Alexa Verified code below/Afterhead Step 5Now hit theSave templatebutton. Verify the Blogger Site on Alexa After follow the above steps you have successfully added the Alexa verified ID on your Blog site. But now you have to do the main task. In above I was told you to dont click on Verify my ID button from Alexa site until adding the verification ID on your Blogger site. So now you have added the Alexa verification ID and follow the below steps Step1 Go back on Alexa page and click on Verify my ID button. Step2After short auto process Your site is successfully claimed message will display below Verify my ID button. That means your site has successfully claimed on Alexa. And Alexa will analyze your site about site traffic. Remember that Less Alexa counts less point is good rank and more point is bad rank. Suppose your site rank is 100,000 then this is good rank, but if your site rank got 80,000 then this is better rank than before. Another think you have to note that for getting Historical data for site rank your Alexa rank must have below 100,000 otherwise Alexa wont show you details information.

Honesty in Politics - 3356 Words

EnglishHonesty in American Politics The legendary tale often told to school children is that of George Washington the young boy, chopping down his fathers cherry tree. When young George was asked, who had chopped the cherry tree down, George impressed his father with his honesty when he replied, â€Å"I cannot tell a lie. I chopped down your cherry tree.† Although the fable is believed to be fiction, it accurately represented the honesty and humility of that great president. Today, few political and public leaders value such ideals as honesty. Due to the prevalent lack of truth in our government or in politicians, few citizens are able to gain much knowledge about their leaders. Holding an office in the United States government is a†¦show more content†¦Shouldn’t this rule apply to America’s leaders as well, if not more so? I believe so, because they are the leaders and voices of our country. The public has a right to know. When it comes to serv ing our nation, â€Å"incumbent leaders and prospective candidates† must come to the realization that the public needs to know anything and everything past and present, about them in order to choose candidates to lead our nation effectively (Berger 707). True ethics and honesty should simply be a matter of good politics. Many people, including the public and the media, have questioned whether there should be such ethics as complete honesty in politics. The ethics we have seen displayed by our nation’s leaders are poor. Ethics that allow for scandals, lies, and cover-ups should not be part of our government. When the time comes to keep citizens informed, the truth should be the most important element. What good is accomplished if the government continually lied to the public supporting it? â€Å"A nation living in and believing a sea of les cannot support its government if they do not know what is going on† (Siris 1278-79). The reality is that the Amer ican people have become accustomed to the fact that dishonesty exists in American politics. Nobody tells the truth, there is no morality, and sadly, no one expects any. The people might as well elect a psychopath into politics, someone without aShow MoreRelatedImmanuel Kant addresses a question often asked in political theory: the relationship between900 Words   |  4 Pagesin politics and how they ought to behave. Observers of political action recognize that political action is often a morally questionable business. Yet many of us, whether involved heavily in political action or not, have a sense that political behavior could and should be better than this. In Appendix 1 of Perpetual Peace, Kant explicates that conflict does not exist between politics and morality, because politics is an application of morality. Objectively, he argues that morality and politics areRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"The Death of Honesty† by William Damon991 Words   |  4 Pages In â €Å"The Death of Honesty,† William Damon raises the concern that current apathy towards increasing dishonesty threatens democracy. In this essay taken from the online volume â€Å"Endangered Virtues † published by the Hoover Institute in 2012, Damon initially concedes that there are situations where lying could be considered acceptable. However, with that being acknowledged, he transitions to his main premise that honesty is losing its importance in society and will lead to its downfall, and he citesRead MoreThe Is Not Destroying American Culture1219 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans today thrive in a culture obsessed with proving honesty, yet riddled with falsehoods. Through the constant barrage of social media and new technology, opportunities to lie have grown exponentially, and ways to catch someone in the act have only been amplified. However, this is not all new to Americans. Since the birth of this nation, up to the present, and for the foreseeable future, the dance around truth and lie will continue. Everyone is a liar, but nobody wants to be called one. ContraryRead MoreWilliam Damon The Death Of Honesty Summary999 Words   |  4 Pages Reading the essay â€Å"The Death of Honesty† by William Damon leads a person to think about the honesty and lies we express on a regular basis. He provides a well thought out opinion as he explores how honesty is becoming unexpected and infrequently used in society today. Because it is written in a style that is easy to understand, and without many difficult or complicated words, it is obvious the author intends for his point to be easily understood by his readers. Damon uses a convincing argumentRead MoreNiccolo Machiavelli was One of the Leading Writers During the Renaissance Period1235 Words   |  5 Pagesout by the ruling class ‘’princes’’) and how, one should make use of any means including immoral, to retain complete power. The book was criticized substantially since it seemed that the author was encouraging immoral behavior in politics. I disagree with the line â€Å"Politics has no relation to morals† by Niccolo Machiavelli becaus e this statement is a misquotation, it’s considered as satire by Enlightenment thinkers, politicians are expected to be honest by the people, although it is true that politiciansRead MoreHonesty, Integrity And Craving For Justice716 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"No legacy is so rich as honesty† spoke by the greatest leader in the world of literature, William Shakespeare. Honesty, integrity and craving for justice are the imperative aspects of an effective leader. Integrity is all grit. What can a true leader withstand? Being a leader requires daunting tasks, adversary, and faith of a better future. A true leader will adapt and overcome utilizing creativity and problem solving skills. Their grit will be tested and tested again. A leader with integrity demonstratesRead MoreEssay on Campaign Finance Reform1003 Words   |  5 PagesCampaign Finance Reform The politics is a stage for many different characters of whom each is trying to convince their audience to give them the loudest cheer and the grand applause. Politicians who played the acts will do their best and sometimes will do everything to win the hearts of their audience and that means to win at all cost. Politics involves money for it is the way to make campaign possible that is why there are campaign managers and campaign funds to whoever will run for any officeRead MoreExtempore Topics1028 Words   |  5 PagesAll that glitters is not gold India United and india divided Archipalago (was out of the blue, but after this my interview revolved around islands) journey is more important than the destination (nothing related) Govinda aala re (name govinda) Honesty is NOT the best policy (both against and then for the topic) Household male India and China Namesake(Random) Iskon (somewhat related to my name) One In Hand Two In Bush (Cos I got placement offers from 2 companies) bubbles in the air Rouble (wasRead MorePosition Paper1066 Words   |  5 PagesPosition Paper I do think Lucy Donavan violated the UHD Honesty Policy because she obtained and used unauthorized material to prepare for her Intro to Politics midterm exam and was not honest in her glimpse of seeing the major essay topic. Lucy obtained the midterm exam from the photocopying machine. The definition of â€Å"obtain† in the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary means â€Å"to hold on to, or possess.† In the case of Lucy she had possession of the test when she picked it up from the photocopyRead MoreCorrelation Between Openness And The Accuracy Of An Individual s Answers1098 Words   |  5 Pageshypothesis is that there is no significant positive correlation between the two variables. 2) Is honesty/humility related to claiming familiarity with unreal concepts (false alarms)? I hypothesize that, because honesty/humility is related to how willing a person is to be insincere, that we should see a negative correlation between honesty/humility and claiming familiarity with unreal concepts. Honesty humility measures the extent to which a person seeks high apparent status, and therefore they may

Heres How Crabs Find Food

Crabs may be a favorite food for some people, but they need to eat too. They often live in dark or muddy areas, where it can be difficult to find prey by eyesight. So how do crabs find food, and how do they eat? And, interestingly, what types of food do they like to eat? How Crabs Find Food Like many other marine animals, crabs rely on their sense of smell to find prey. Crabs have chemoreceptors that allow them to detect chemicals in the water that are released by their prey. These chemoreceptors are located on a crabs antennae. These are long, segmented appendages near the crabs eyes that have both chemoreceptors and allow them to feel its surroundings. Crabs also have antennules, shorter antenna-like appendages near the antennas that allow them to sense their environment. A crab can taste using hairs on its mouthparts, pincers and even its feet. Senses of Taste and Smell Crabs have pretty well-developed senses of taste and smell. Fishing for crabs, or crabbing, using pots and cages relies on these senses, and makes it possible to catch crabs. The pots are baited with a variety of smelly things, depending on the target crab species. Bait can include chicken necks, pieces of fish such as eel, menhaden, squid, herring and mackerel. As the bait hangs in the trap in a bag or in a bait jar, odorous chemicals waft out into the ocean, attracting hungry crabs. Depending on water flow, these conditions can affect their senses to detect prey. What and How Crabs Eat Crabs arent picky eaters. They will eat everything from dead and living fish to barnacles, plants,  snails, shrimp, worms and even other crabs. They use their claws to grab food particles and put the food into their mouths. This is similar to the way humans eat using their hands or utensils. Crabs also use their claws to manipulate or break up the food so they can place it into their mouths more easily in smaller bites. When crabs have to break through shells of other sea life, their strong claws come in especially handy while their other appendages help them quickly move to catch various types of prey. Different Crabs, Different Diets Different crabs like to eat different types of sea life and plants.  Dungeness crabs, for example, may snack on squid and worms, while king crabs like to nosh on clams, mussels, worms and sea urchins. Basically, king crabs hunt for prey on the ocean floor and often eat decaying animal matter as well as live sea life. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions.†Ã‚  Blue Crab.â€Å"Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores.† Edited by Mark W. Denny and Steve Gaines, University of California Press, 2017.â€Å"Dungeness Crab.  Oregon Agriculture in the Classroom..Blue Crab Anatomy web.vims.edu.

Mankinds Fear of Artificial Intelligence Essay - 604 Words

Mankinds Fear of Artificial Intelligence Fear is created not by the world around us, but in the mind, by what we think is going to happen. Why is it that in almost all of the movies starring cyborgs, the cyborgs are either inherently evil or the cause of trouble? We human beings seem to have a problem with the idea of a person enhanced with technology, or a robot enhanced with Artificial Intelligence (AI). Norbert Wiener, a mathematician, coined the term cybernetics . Although many of his ideas are still used today, Wiener himself began to second guess the value of his work. He wrote that while competition from machines during the first industrial revolution devalued the human arm, the modern industrial revolution is similarily†¦show more content†¦The law does not consider Replicants human and therefore accords them no rights nor protection . The Replicants also have a fail-safe mechanism: a four year lifespan. Although not a cyborg, HAL 9000 of 2001: A Space Odyssey, fits into this category. HAL was progra mmed with Asimovs laws in mind. However, at some point these rules conflict with each other, and HAL violates all the laws by lying, and killing one of his human companions. The movie suggests that HAL was aware, especailly near the end, as HAL tries to convince Dave not to shut him down. I feel much better now, I really do, HAL reasons. The Matrix is the most recent humans-triumph-over-evil-machines movie, with an interesting twist. In The Matrix, humans create AI and it turns on them, using humanity as a power source . However, the cyborgs are not the machines, but the humans. The humans are able to download information into their brain, like a computer can download files off the Internet. Overall, we as a society still have a certain amount of wariness when it comes to cyborgs. What people dont seem to realize is that cyborgs walk among us even now. Anyone with a prothsetic limb or artificial organ can be considered cyborg. Hopefully, over time, we will come to terms wit h this idea before science advances much further. I, for one, can wait for the day when my computer rebels. Bibliography: Websters 21st Century Book of Quotations. Copyright  ©Show MoreRelatedMan-vs-Machine: Who Wll Win the War? Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesproduction. Machines continue to experience development and media appraise till our current day. Where does the Man fit in? The inventor of those machines and the one responsible for the machines development is currently living an inevitable fear of artificial intelligence. Many influential people such as the futurist Ray Kurzweil argue that machines may be more productive and more efficient that humans. On the other hand, many people such as the writer, Tracey A. Cole refuses to give in to the powersRead MoreHow Technology Has Revolutionized The Era Of The World Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach a new era of technology we see no limit of what can be accomplished. But these advancements also brings consequences. One might ask, how was it possible that technology has revolutionized the era we live, not only that but the question of our i ntelligence is brought up frequently and if we have forgotten old traditions such as reading a map or our interaction with people. It seems as if it was just yesterday the internet was at its infancy. The internet was created by the U.S. department of defenseRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid: Summary and Response Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesGarrett Mastin English 1010 Instructor Renaud 6 February, 2013 Is Google making us Stupid: An article by Nicholas Carr Over history technology has changed mankind’s overall culture. From clocks to computers the use of electronics and tools is occurring every day in almost all situations. In Carr’s article â€Å"Is Google Making us Stupid?† he introduces the idea how the internet is changing our lives by making us mentally process information differently from the past, based off previous changesRead MoreThe 1960s Of The United States925 Words   |  4 Pagesmissile crisis was over but the arms race was not. Another way the 1960s affected the culture movement in the United States was through technological innovation, specifically, the race to space between the Soviets and Americans. In 1961 one of mankind’s greatest accomplishments was achieved, â€Å"The first manned space flight in history was accomplished on April 12, 1961, when the Soviet spaceship Vostok (East) orbited the earth and made a safe landing.† The Soviets were succeeding in something theRead MoreDid Computers Really Change the World? Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pagestrust in the accuracy of human recognition (Harper et al 20). Governments control healthcare, securities, industries, and more. The impact computers have on governments is through information and communications. Government agencies like the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Agency collect a myriad of information to sort through any possible threats to the Unites States. They do this with supercomputers and a strong working force b ecause of the amount of information collected. Because ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1685 Words   |  7 Pagesvalued as inherently good and positive. The belief that through the scientific paradigm, man could open up nature’s mysteries for the benefit of the human race and therefore, have the capacity to know and control all aspects of human existence prompted fears and concerns which underpin Shelley’s composition. The qualities and dangers of an unchecked application of science are strongly represented in Frankenstein, through the protagonist Victor Frankenstein, ‘Victor dares to become a creator, but the resultRead MoreProduction And Release Of The Matrix Essay2220 Words   |  9 Pagesand flushes him. He is saved by Morpheus and his crew, and begins to recover. Morpheus shows him the ship and crew before taking Neo back inside the matrix to explain it and what happened to the world over the last century. Humans created artificial in telligence which then enslaved humans and began to grow them to have an endless energy supply. Morpheus informs Neo of the Oracle’s prophecy and states that he believes the search for the One is over. Neo gets combat training from Morpheus inside ofRead More Escape from Industrialization in Wells The Time Machine Essay3499 Words   |  14 Pagesputting the less ornamental purposes of civilisation below ground, including electric railways... subways... and underground workrooms and restaurants (41).   In a frightening comparison, he asserts, Does not an East-end worker live in such artificial conditions as practically to be cut off from the natural surface of the earth? (41)   What kind of escape is possible for someone who is so cut off from society?   The division between capitalist and laborer is more extreme than disproportionateRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 PagesThe Real Thing, a BBC six-part series on reality and human perc eption. He is a regular contributor to such major magazines as Vogue, The Atlantic Monthly, Harpers, N e w York Magazine, and N e w Scientist. The Legacy of Science Change is one of mankind’s most mysterious creations. The factors that operate t o cause it came into play when m a n produced his first tool. With it he changed the world forever, and bound himself t o the artifacts he would create in order, always, t o make tomorrow betterRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 PagesReal Thing, a BBC six-part series on reality and human perception. He is a regular contributor to such major magazines as Vogue, The Atlantic Monthly, Harpers, N e w York Magazine, and N e w Scientist. The Legacy of Science Change is one of mankind’s most mysterious creations. The factors that operate t o cause it came into play when m a n produced his first tool. With it he changed the world forever, and bound himself t o the artifacts he would create in order, always, t o make tomorrow better

Customs Regulatory Compliance Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Customs Regulatory Compliance Management. Answer: Introduction Regulatory compliance includes the objective which an organization wants to achieve by following relevant laws, policies, and regulations. The companies follow harmonized sets of compliance controls for keeping operational transparency (Oyewunmi and et al, 2017). The file includes flexibility in procedures, type of payment terms, customs to demand duty and strategy for communicating with stakeholders. Flexibility in procedures so that that compliant traders can be rewarded, encourages compliance amongst all traders. Yes, I agree that by allowing flexibility in processes that complaint traders can be rewarded encourages compliance amongst all traders. Authorized economic operator (AEO) refers to the party which is involved in the international movement of products in whatever function that has been approved by. These operators with large business use trusted trader programs like authorized economic operator program (Arjoon, 2017). This program is organized by the Australian Customs for offering various facilities to international trade of goods. Small scale companies are unable to use TTP due to its high prices. By lowering prices of entry requirements, small businesses will able to use this program. It will not only provide benefits to the organization but will also enhance sales and profitability of the program. Along with this, small scale firms will get an opportunity to expand their business by managing work appropriately and effectively. The firm will get benefits like faster clearance of goods, less interference by customs and high level of services. These features will help small scale companies to conduct their trade properly and more efficiently. The security function of the program will assist companies in securing their personnel, information and other business related processes (Grainger, 2016). Increasing use of TTP in both small and large sector will increase its popularity and profit worldwide. Type of payment terms As an exporter of tropical fruit, I am dealing with a new customer having the potential to further large purchases. But the case is to provide excellent services and product in the first shipment. For this kind of consignment, I will select cash in advance. Under this payment term, the exporter will able to eliminate the risk of non-payment or credit risk. In this, I will able to receive payment before the transport of good services and good products to the customer. There are two options available for cash in advance: credit cards and wire transfer. The customer can transfer money by using any of the both options (Komarov, 2016). National customs legislation Department of trade and customs (Australia) looks after the various functionalities of trade. Along with this, the national customs legislation provides traders rights to perform trade safely and properly. In the given case, warehouse license fails to keep warehoused goods safely. Thus, Section 35A(1) of the Customs act 1901 will be used by the client (Barone, 2016). This provision allows the owner to seek to have duty remitted under the particular circumstances like stolen of products. The warehouse owner will able to get the particular amount in the form of compensation for the stolen goods. Warehouse operator will be liable to pay the amount equal to the duty which would have paid on stolen products as per the claimed. Identification of stakeholder and strategy for communicating with them As per the given case, IT team will upgrade the IT system for improving the automated risk management and shorten the time to clear cargo. The stakeholders of the team will be: Application Engineer Database Administrator Network Architect Programmer Designer Programmer Analyst IT manager IT Leader Network system administrator Network Engineer As a customs official in charge of a major international airport, it is necessary for me to upgrade the system for improving the current situation. The communication strategy which will be used for informing stakeholders about the system operation is as follows: Statement of purpose: This will include purpose behind using communication strategy for the stakeholders. Current Situation: This will include information regarding the current situation of the system and reason behind its upgrade (Afanasieva, Ivanov and Yanushkevych, 2017). Organizational objective and communication objective: This step will include the link between the goals of airport and communication. Selection of communication method: In this, I will use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for communicating with the stakeholders. I will send all the needed information through email. Along with this, I will conduct formal and informal meetings with stakeholders for increasing understanding and relationship between them. All the ideas, strategies, etc. will be discussed in these meetings (Arjoon, 2017). Work plan: In the end, last concluded plan will be communicated to the stakeholders for starting their work as per the plan. SAD and its purpose: Single Administrative Document (SAD) is also known as Form C88 which is used for international trade to and from the European Union Customs. All traders and agents can take advantages of SAD for declaring report, export, transit and community status declarations. This document is segregated into 54 boxes, and its full version comes in 8 different parts. These parts have various functions which are used by the traders as per their need. SAD was established in 1988, and its legislations help in conducting trade in secure and safe manner (Komarov, 2016). This document covers the placement of any product or their services under any customs process by using any mode of transport. The purpose of SAD is as follows: To ensure openness in national administrative requirements. To decrease the number of administrative documentation To minimize the amount of information requested by the traders To standardize and harmonize the data To provide proper safety and security to the private and confidential information. References Afanasieva, V., Ivanov, L., Yanushkevych, D. (2017). Modern Approaches to Risk Management and Their Use in Customs. ,3(4). Arjoon, S. (2017). Virtues, Compliance, and Integrity: A Corporate Governance Perspective.Handbook of Virtue Ethics in Business and Management, 995-1002. Barone, A. (2016).Managing Global Logistics for Business Growth: A guide for small to medium enterprises pursuing the global market growth through cross-border trade (export/import). Buoyant Capital. Grainger, A. (2016). Customs management in multinational companies.World Customs Journal,10(2), 17-35. Komarov, ?. V. (2016). Risk management systems in Customs: The Ukrainian context.World Customs Journal,10(1), 35-44. Oyewunmi, O. A., Osibanjo, O. A., Falola, H. O., Olujobi, O. J. (2017). Optimization by Integration: A corporate governance and human resource management dimension.International Review of Management and Marketing,7(1). Customs Regulatory Compliance Management – Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Customs Regulatory Compliance Management? Answer: Introducation On the behalf of the government of the specific nation state the role of custom is to execute a plethora of management policies that deals with the business that takes place on the border. The functionality and accountability of customs administration differ from one nation state to another. Role of the customers executive ranges from collection from the proceeds, trade compliance and facilitation, prohibition of substances which are deemed to be illegal in the country, protection of cultural heritage and enforcement of intellectual property law. Globalization has directed companies from all over the world to set up places of operations like factories and offices around the world. As the economy of several countries opened up to the regulations and restrictions of international trade, customs administration garners more and more importance. With the increase in international trade in the recent years the environment of exchange has also changed exponentially in terms of pace, difficu lty, size and level of trade, extensive technological advancement and revolution in global trading practices. Therefore, the changes have tremendously affected the role and accountability of the customs authorities around the world. The idea of the customs is not to restrict but to filter, the policies and items that are against the rules of the country. Indulgence in international trade ensure a boost to the economy and allows the economy to grow and to gather more and more investors. The role of a gatekeeper is to restrict without understanding the inside matter with careful observation. The gatekeeper is doses not understand the nuances of policies and the items that are in the exchange rather they set a standard for allowing certain things and disallowing certain things. On the other hand, compliance management has an aspect of analyzing, speculating and reviewing an idea before discouraging or accepting it. Risk-management Risk management of a company is based on identifying a risk, analyzing the outcome and the impact this risk would have on the future and also the current operation of the business, then is the part where the management of the organization plans a strategic idea to reduce the impact of the investable or deflect the risk which is possible. This may include several market research and policies and decision making. After the plan has been implemented by the management it is also the duty to look after and monitor the after effects so as to be careful that the decisions are working on a positive note for the company(Chance Brooks, 2015). A response should also be gathered from the customers and the internal members of the company to record the views for future recognition and identification of such risks and problems. Non-compliance is a risk that is faced by the company sometimes knowingly and sometimes unknowingly, to keep up with the ever changing international trade policies and deci sions in the border force and customs, companies have to be very careful. The customs and the Australian government have come up with several ideas and reforms that behave like a risk based compliance management for the betterment and facility of the traders who operate within the borders of Australia (McNeil, Frey, Embrechts, 2015). Compliance risk In the corporate governance set up the compliancemanagement plays a very critical role. Compliance means to conform and to comply with rules, regulations, guidelines, standards and laws of the relevant body of governance. In an organization the compliance managers deal with the regulatory, financial and reputational risks that the company may face while performing the daily operations of the business. In many cases, ensuring compliance to rules and guidelines necessitate organizational changes as well pertaining to technological installations, oversight and audits of the books and records of the company. As such, compliance can be a major cost and organizational challenge in heavily regulated industries such as banking(Cohen, Krishnamoorthy, Wright, 2015). Compliance risk can be defined as the probable for losses and jurisdictional penalties due to the failure to comply with the rules and regulations of an organization or government bodies. Sometimes the business organizations that run fully based in the legal jurisdictions can also face compliance risk and this is where the importance of compliance management and efficiency becomes significant to the daily operations of the business. There are times that an organization faces a failure in compliance due to the possibility of management failures. Sustainability risk, heath of the workforce, quality of the new or diversified item, corrupt practices among the employees and also failure of taking up social responsibility can also build up in the company that further on becomes a compliance risk to the company. Any business organization that s legally set up in a country to operate is bound by some regulations of that country. Be it a home grown business organization or a multinational com pany. Compliance to all the customs regulations is mandatory for a company to operate within the economic environment of a country. The main role of an authority who is from the revenue department is to collect the taxes and duties payable in accordance with the law(Baxter, Bedard, Hoitash, Yezegel, 2013). Approach taken by a Customs administration to manage compliance In order to manage and keep a check on the compliance management of a business organization, the customers administrators have a set of guideline. For example, the customs officers monitor the records of the company in order to understand that the company is following all the rules or regulations or not. The customs have a set of rules for each industry to operate accordingly and the company usually follows these rules in order to keep a harmonious situation the economy without conflict among the businesses operating in the same industry. Customs rule vary from nature of business to scale of business and the hold of the customs authority on the operations of the business also depends on the industry(Freund, 2016). For example, if a company is dealing with import and export of products then the involvement of customs administration will be much more than a handloom or textile industry. Business organizations usually think that a planned compliance audit is all that a company requires fulfilling the requirements for compliance. Hence compliance audits only provide a narrow view of the way compliance is handled within the administration of a company. Compliance management deals with an organization consistent and continuing compliance requirements. The solutions to the compliance requirements gathered by the management of the company should be customizable and should have the ability to expand with the vision of the organization. There are several punishments that the Customs body of Australia is able to impose for non-compliance of the rules and regulations. These penalties may vary according to the level of non-compliance of the rules and its effects on the trading(Boll, 2014). Assessing the trade activities of the company includes tariff concessions, evaluation of tariff classification; chiefly for multinational business organizations and branded goods Customs valuation is very curtail to maintain the compliance with the government of Australia. A team should be appointed by the management of the company in order to monitor the changing policies of the government and legislative changes, there are several third party companies also available who can be appointed to do the analysis for the company(Elliott, 2016). Customs Compliance Strategy 2016 The Australian Border Force (Customs) has recently launched Goods Compliance Update. It provides with four areas of focus. Pertaining to the particular interest of the importers in the country review of the correct use of Tariff Concession Orders (TCOs) and correctly revealing the customs value of imported goods have been stated clearly. For over 18 months, it has been the prime concern of the customs of Australia that TCOs offers a free rate of duty where no substitutable goods are produced in Australia and the subject of a number of Administrative Appeal Tribunal (AAT) cases(Grainger, Customs management in multinational companies, 2016). The usage of Tariff concession orders without continuous monitoring of the products or service as well as the applicable TCOs are not recommended, provided the change in Customs and the AATs views on TCO as eligible. The procedure for the valuation of goods can be a complicated because a lot of prerequisites have to be kept in the mind. It is a mandate that a business organization should always analyze the amounts that are paid in addition to amounts that appear on the commercial statement. It also has to be reviewed that whether they are needed to be integrated in the customs value. Furthermore, the concept of free goods is a myth hence there will be rules regarding valuation and analysis to evaluate the amount of that product(Rothengatter, 2016). Trusted Trader The Australian Trusted Trader is a voluntary business improvement facility steps that are taken in collaboration in between the government and business organizations in order to seek trade benefits for the importers and exporters that have a history and record of customs compliance and have effective security practices to protect non-compliance. It encourages the trade practices of a secure supply chain and business organization that have a good record of compliance, rewarding such businesses with a variety of benefits to smoothen the business process(Widdowson, Blegen, Kashubsky, Grainger, 2014). Some of the rewards or benefits that are enjoyed by the traders who are enlisted in this facility are: assigned account manager who will deal with and take care of the account management and keep in check whether the company is in compliance with the legal duties this person is also going to be the point of contact for the customs department. These companies are also eligible to get premiu m and priority based trade services form the government. Traders who are associated with the government have the liberty to use the Australian Trusted Trader logo, which is a sign of goodwill and prosperity for the company. It not only allows the company to grow in the eyes of the customers but also has a significant impact among the industry and market. A mutual recognition arrangement (MRA) has been drawn up in between Australia and some other countries to facilitate trade, the companies that have been enlisted to the Trusted Traders will have access to trade facilitation benefits as well. The MRAs between the Australian Government and other trading partners are: New Zealand Customs Service, Republic of Korea Customs Service, Canada Border Services Agency, Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department. This arrangement will facilitate and benefit the traders in expansion and in import and export in between the above companies. The MRAs will offer Trusted Trader exporters with differentiated border services and treatment in signed countries, simultaneously on business arrival in Australia with the countries that have signed the MRA will also receive priority treatment (Mein, 2014). Customs Valuations and Transfer Pricing The transfer pricing modification to the price of imported goods is one of the prime ideas of focus for the Australian border force. These kinds of adjustments in the cost and pricing should be uncovered with Customs and accounted for in the records of the company. There are sometimes confusion and misunderstand regarding the interaction between customs valuation and transfer pricing in the importers this is a place where unknowingly companies may suffer from non-compliance(Missbach, 2015). Conclusion The government of Australia with the Customs valuation policies and decisions encourage the business and flow of business within the country to promote the economy of Australia. The customs are surely not being a gatekeeper as there is a lot of facilities and benefits are being awarded for the inflow and outflow of business form the country, if there was a strict gate keeping policy of the customers it would have restricted a lot of business opportunities within the country that would lead to a blockage of value in the economy, rather a risk based management approach by the customs administration of Australia analysis a problem or an issue of non-compliance within an organization and plans ahead of taking any steps or changes in the policies. This not only encourages new and young investors in the economy but also boosts and grants expansion and growth opportunities for the old traders in the industry. References Baxter, Bedard, Hoitash, , Yezegel. (2013). Enterprise risk management program quality: Determinants, value relevance, and the financial crisis. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(4), , 1264-1295. Boll. (2014). Mapping tax compliance: Assemblages, distributed action and practices: A new way of doing tax research. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(4), , 293-303. Chance, Brooks, . (2015). Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning . Cohen, Krishnamoorthy, Wright, . (2015). Enterprise risk management and the financial reporting process: The experiences of audit committee members, CFOs, and external auditors. Contemporary Accounting Research , 1178-1209. Elliott. (2016). TPP Risks and TTIP Opportunities: Rules of Origin, Trade Diversion, and Developing Countries. CGD Policy Paper. Washington: Center for Global Development. Freund. (2016). Other New Areas: Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation, Accounting, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, and More. . Assessing the Trans-Pacific Partnership, , 66. Grainger. (2016). Customs management in multinational companies. . World Customs Journal, 10(2), , 17-35. McNeil, Frey, Embrechts, . (2015). Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton : Princeton university press. Mein. (2014). Customs-private sector partnership: not just wishful thinking. World Customs Journal, 8(1), , 129-36. Missbach. (2015). The extradition of people smugglers from Indonesia to Australia: political and legal challenges. Rothengatter. (2016). Possibilities for and limits to enforcing tax compliance measures on irregularworkers. Journal of Sociology, 52(2), , 139-154. Widdowson, Blegen, Kashubsky, , Grainger. (2014). Review of accredited operator schemes: an Australian study. . World Customs Journal, 8(1) , 17-34.

The Defeat Of Napoleon In Russia Essays (1144 words) - Russia

The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleon's Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. " A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will ineztly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy." pg 6, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying, " Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so." pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia. General Clausewitz said, "Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace." pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleon's occupation had no result. " The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, "The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter." pg 13, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. "The natives say we shall have a severe winter," Napoleon retorted scornfully, " Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is." pg 147, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapp's words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, " With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition." pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, " Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it." pg 140, 1812 Napoleon's Defeat in Russia. As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, " After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian - and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass." pg 210,

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. At 6:01 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Civil Rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was hit by a snipers bullet. King had been standing on the balcony in front of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, when without warning, he was shot. The .30-caliber rifle bullet entered Kings right cheek, traveled through his neck, and finally stopped at his shoulder blade. King was immediately taken to a nearby hospital but was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. Violence and controversy followed. In outrage of the murder, many blacks took to the streets across the United States in a massive wave of riots. The FBI investigated the crime, but many believed them partially or fully responsible for the assassination. An escaped convict by the name of James Earl Ray was arrested, but many people,  including some of Martin Luther King Jr.s own family, believe he was innocent. What happened that evening? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.    When Martin Luther King Jr.  emerged as the leader of the  Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955, he began a long tenure as the spokesperson for nonviolent protest in the Civil Rights Movement. As a Baptist minister, he was a moral leader to the community. Plus, he was charismatic and had a powerful way of speaking. He was also a man of vision and determination. He never stopped dreaming of what could be. Yet he was a man, not a God. He was most often overworked and overtired and he had a fondness for the private company of women. Though he was the 1964 Nobel Peace Prize winner, he did not have complete control over the Civil Rights Movement. By 1968, violence had edged its way into the movement. Black Panther Party members carried loaded weapons, riots had erupted across the country, and numerous civil rights organizations had taken up the mantra Black Power! Yet Martin Luther King Jr. held strong to his beliefs, even as he saw the Civil Rights Movement being torn in two. Violence is what brought King back to Memphis in April 1968. Striking Sanitation Workers in Memphis On February 12, a total of 1,300  African-American sanitation workers in Memphis went on strike. Though there had been a long history of grievances, the strike began as a response to a January 31 incident in which 22 black sanitation workers were sent home without pay during bad weather while all the white workers remained on the job. When the City of Memphis refused to negotiate with the 1,300 striking workers, King and other civil rights leaders were asked to visit Memphis in support. On Monday, March 18, King managed to fit in a quick stop in Memphis, where he spoke to more than  15,000 who had gathered at Mason Temple. Ten days later, King arrived in Memphis to lead a march in support of the striking workers. Unfortunately, as King led the crowd, a few of the protesters got rowdy and smashed the windows of a storefront. The violence spread and soon countless others had taken up sticks and were breaking windows and looting stores. Police moved in to disperse the crowd. Some of the marchers threw stones at the police. The police responded with tear gas and nightsticks. At least one of the marchers was shot and killed. King was extremely distressed at the violence that had erupted in his own march and became determined not to let violence prevail. He scheduled another march in Memphis for April 8. On April 3, King arrived in Memphis a little later than planned because there had been a bomb threat for his flight before takeoff. That evening, King delivered his Ive Been to the Mountaintop speech to a relatively small crowd that had braved the bad weather to hear King speak. Kings thoughts were obviously on his mortality, for he discussed the plane threat as well as the time he had been stabbed. He concluded the speech with, Well, I dont know what will happen now; weve got some difficult days ahead. But it really doesnt matter with me now, because Ive been to the mountaintop. And I dont mind. Like anybody, I would like to live a long life - longevity has its place. But Im not concerned about that now. I just want to do Gods will. And Hes allowed me to go up to the mountain. And Ive looked over, and Ive seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people will get to the Promised Land. And so Im happy tonight; Im not worried about anything; Im not fearing any man. Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord. After the speech, King went back to the Lorraine Motel to rest. Martin Luther King Jr. Stands on the Lorraine Motel Balcony The Lorraine Motel (now the  National Civil Rights Museum) was a relatively drab, two-story motor inn on Mulberry Street in downtown Memphis. Yet it had become a habit of Martin Luther King and his entourage to stay at the Lorraine Motel when they visited Memphis. On the evening of April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King and his friends were getting dressed to have dinner with Memphis minister Billy Kyles. King was in room 306 on the second floor and hurried to get dressed since they were, as usual, running a bit late. While putting on his shirt and using Magic Shave Powder to shave, King chatted with Ralph Abernathy about an upcoming event. Around 5:30 p.m., Kyles  knocked on their door to hurry them along. The three men joked about what was to be served for dinner. King and Abernathy wanted to confirm that they were going to be served soul food and not something like filet mignon. About half an hour later, Kyles and King stepped out of the motel room onto the balcony (basically the outside walkway that connected all the motels second-story rooms). Abernathy had gone to his room to put on some cologne. Near the car in the parking lot directly below the balcony, waited  James Bevel, Chauncey Eskridge (SCLC lawyer), Jesse Jackson, Hosea Williams, Andrew Young, and Solomon Jones, Jr. (the driver of the loaned white Cadillac). A few remarks were exchanged between the men waiting below and Kyles and King. Jones remarked that King should get a topcoat since it might get cold later; King replied, O.K. Kyles was just a couple of steps down the stairs and Abernathy was still inside the motel room when the shot rang out. Some of the men initially thought it  was a car backfire, but others realized it was a rifle shot. King had fallen to the concrete floor of the balcony with a large, gaping wound covering his right jaw. Martin Luther King Jr. Shot Abernathy ran out of his room to see his dear friend fallen, laying in a puddle of blood. He held Kings head saying, Martin, its all right. Dont worry. This is Ralph. This is Ralph.* Kyles had gone into a motel room to call an ambulance while others encircled King. Marrell McCollough, an undercover Memphis police officer, grabbed a towel and tried to stop the flow of blood. Though King was unresponsive, he was still alive - but only barely. Within 15 minutes of the shot, Martin Luther King arrived at St. Josephs Hospital on a stretcher with an oxygen mask over his face. He had been hit by a .30-06 caliber rifle bullet that had entered his right jaw, then traveled through his neck, severing his spinal cord, and stopped in his shoulder blade. The doctors tried emergency surgery but the wound was too serious. Martin Luther King Jr. was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. He was 39 years old. Who Killed Martin Luther King Jr.? Despite many conspiracy theories questioning who was responsible for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., most of the evidence points to a single shooter, James Earl Ray. On the morning of April 4, Ray used information from the televised news as well as from a newspaper to discover where King was staying in Memphis. Around 3:30 p.m., Ray, using the name John Willard, rented room 5B in Bessie Brewers run-down rooming house that was located across the street from the Lorraine Motel. Ray then visited the York Arms Company a few blocks away and purchased a pair of binoculars for $41.55 in cash. Returning to the rooming house, Ray readied himself in the communal bathroom, peering out the window, waiting for King to emerge from his hotel room. At 6:01 p.m., Ray shot King, mortally wounding him. Immediately after the shot, Ray quickly placed his rifle, binoculars, radio, and newspaper into a box and covered it with an old, green blanket. Then Ray hurriedly carried the bundle out of the bathroom, down the hall, and down to the first floor. Once outside, Ray dumped his package outside the Canipe Amusement Company and walked swiftly to his car. He then drove away in his white Ford Mustang, just before police arrived. While Ray was driving toward Mississippi, police were starting to put the pieces together. Nearly immediately, the mysterious green bundle was discovered as were several witnesses who had seen someone who they believed to be the new renter of 5B rushing out of the rooming house with the bundle. By comparing fingerprints found on items in the bundle, including those on the rife and binoculars, with those of known fugitives, the FBI discovered they were looking for James Earl Ray. After a two-month international manhunt, Ray was finally captured on June 8 at Londons Heathrow Airport. Ray pleaded guilty and was given a 99-year sentence in prison. Ray died in prison in 1998. * Ralph Abernathy as quoted in Gerald Posner, Killing the Dream  (New York: Random House, 1998) 31. Sources: Garrow, David J.  Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow, 1986. Posner, Gerald.  Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.  New York: Random House, 1998.

Just Desert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Just Desert - Essay Example The Just desert model suggests that retribution justifies punishment because individuals deserve what they received for past deeds. Under the just desert theory the punishment should be the same for all people who commit the same crime. But the idea is that does just desert punishments stops the offenders to repeat it again Has it created the peace balance in the society and is it beneficial for us in general Is the Punishment based on deterrence or incapacitation wrong In a research (Kevin M. Carlsmith and John M. Darley and Paul H. Robinson; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, Vol. 83, No. 2, 284-299) they came to know people are in favor of deterrence at macro level, but when it comes to individuals, people favor just desert because they consider it right and wrong doers deserve it. "The task of a just deserts theorist, then, is to assess the magnitude of the harm and to devise a punishment that is proportionate in severity, if not in kind. Kant (1952) recommended censure proportionate to a perpetrator's "internal wickedness," a quantity that may be approximated by society's sense of moral outrage over the crime". After researching for quite sometime, I came to know that many are in favor of just desert. They suggest that just desert results in social Control. When there are established criminal justice punishments in society and people know the degrees of punishment they will have to suffer if they committed any wrong deeds, people tend to think before doing anything. Because they are aware of retribution, and they know that punishment will be same for all levels of people without being bias, they feel just and are less likely to commit serious crimes. But some argue that being blind to class difference doesn't lead towards just. Ehrlich (1938: 363) pointed out that the more the rich and poor are dealt with according to the same legal propositions, the more the advantage of the rich is increased'. Galanter (1975: 363) puts it more beautifully. "The sailor over board and the shark are both swimmers, but only one is in the swimming business". Geertz (1983: 217) says that "there are number of f acts about the way the world works, mostly facts about the distribution of power, which prevent punishment being imposed on the most deserving of it. A policy of attempting punishment of all those who deserve it (and who can be caught) has the effect of increasing injustice, worsening tendencies to punish most where desert is least. This is because for the tendency for the law to be 'the most powerful where least needed, a sprinkler system that turns off when the fire gets too hot'." Some argue that the theory is fair to the offender if the punishment fits the crime; same punishment of all offenders for the same crime, etc which give people the sense of just. People know that it does not authorize selecting a criminal for particularly cruel punishment by random drawing, even if this would expend fewer overall social resources than imposing lower and proportionate punishment on all similar offenders, which is referred to as the consequentiality theory. Another benefit is that in just desert, people are punished according to the seriousness of the crime.

How South Korean students make decision for choosing master course Dissertation

How South Korean students make decision for choosing master course abroad - Dissertation Example The primary objective of this research was to examine the choice factors that prospective South Korean students considered in choosing their master courses abroad, as well as the source of information employed in the decision making process. A non-probability convenience sample of 150 international students from 10 higher institutions abroad took part in the study. Data was obtained through questionnaires, which were distributed to the participants through their email addresses. The data obtained was analyzed through percentages and put in tables. The observations of the research suggest that job outcomes and prospects, parental influence and academic reputation ranked the highest significant choice factors. Beauty of the campus, co-curricular activities and the institution’s website rankings were the least significant choice factors. The internet was ranked the most useful source of information for potential students. Friends and institutional publications ranked the least us ed sources of information. 1.0 Introduction Internationally, higher education is experiencing significant changes, including the generation of partnerships (Newby, 2003), increased concentration on the universal market (Kwong 2000), and increased competition (Ehrenberg et al, 2006). Additionally, Baird (2006) denotes that higher education institutions also face financial pressures. These institutions are faced with increased prominence on technology, globalization, and transformation policies. Globalization has boosted competition through opening national and international boundaries. This makes it essential for such institutions to market themselves effectively. It is imperative for institutions to assess and re-assess their marketing strategies aimed at attracting potential master’s students. Over the past few years, there have been increased promotions, advertisements and other marketing stratagems evident in the higher education sector globally (Etzel et al, 2007). Moreov er, it is necessary for the higher education institutions to understand how to reach potential students and what to say in order to effectively communicate with them. Putting into account all the difficulties that these institutions go through, it is apparent that they will have to turn out to be more market focused (Lamb et al, 2005). An appropriate evaluation of the choice elements that South Korean students consider in choosing their master courses abroad, on top of the sources of information conferred with, will assist institutions understand how to target the prospect students. Numerous researches have been carried out in the field of marketing for non-profit making organizations including universities. Numerous scholars have examined the significance of institutional image in attracting students to choose the institution (Palacio et al 2002; Pabich 2003), on top of the choice aspects that students consider when registering with a university (Punnarach 2004, Gray & Daugherty 20 04). Marketing has been the only medium employed by higher education institutions to communicate with the prospective students. In reference to Abaya (2004), marketing a higher education institution is simple and multifaceted at the same time. Higher education institutions subsist primarily to offer a unique educational and campus experience to students. For this reason, higher

Prayer should be allowed in Public Schools Essay Example for Free

Prayer should be allowed in Public Schools Essay The issue regarding the constitutionality of mandatory school prayer in schools in hinged on the separation between the church and the state that has been decreed by the constitution. On one side, there are those who argue that prayer in public school classrooms should be declared unconstitutional because it involves â€Å"excessive entanglement,† which is prohibited under the doctrine of separation of church and state (Clark 35). The other view is based more on the argument that such act is permissible because even the Pledge of allegiance contains the phrase â€Å"under God. (Clark 35)† It is humbly submitted in this position paper, however, that the more correct view remains to be that prayer in classrooms should be tolerated as long as it is not mandatory. In arriving at a better understanding of this issue, it is first important to define the constitutional issue at hand. The phrase, â€Å"separation of Church and State†, is actually from a letter that was written by one of the founding fathers, Thomas Jefferson, to a group that called themselves the Danbury Baptists (Busher 13). In the letter, Thomas Jefferson wrote that, â€Å"I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, thus building a wall of separation between Church and State. † This was of course in reference to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution (Whitsitt 186). The basic precept of this doctrine is founded on a firm belief that religion and state should be separate. It covers a very wide spectrum, as mentioned in the previous sections of this discussion, ranging from the secularization or elimination of the church to theocracy wherein the state works in tandem with a religion in order to govern over the acts of people (Bradley 199) The problem is that while the church and state do maintain that there is indeed a necessity to abide by the doctrine of the separation of church and state there is no clear way of delineating the boundaries between the spheres of these two institutions (Bradley 199). There are still certain acts that require entanglement between the church and the state because of the duty of the government to cater to the welfare of its people who invariably belong to some form of religion, in most cases. One of these instances is when prayer is allowed in public school classrooms. To argue that prayer is unconstitutional would be to deny the people the right to their rich American history. The first settlers were Pilgrims and even the first thanksgiving meal, though not seemingly a prayer by conventional means, was actually an act of thanking the almighty God for all the blessings (Bradley 199). If prayer is to be considered as a religious affirmation that is offensive to the constitution then other forms such as the pledge of allegiance and the â€Å"In God We Trust† declaration on the dollar bill must also be struck down (Bradley 199). It cannot therefore be argued prayer in public school classrooms is a clear violation of the establishment clause when even the humble dollar bill has the sign â€Å"in God we trust† written on it. If it is to be argued that prayer is a violation of the establishment clause then so must the dollar bill be struck down as a violation (Bradley 199). Yet time and again the almighty dollar has prevailed. The reason for this is because such a declaration is not an endorsement of a single religion, which is exactly what the establishment clause prohibits, but rather it is a declaration by the American people of their belief in a superior being. This argument is not limited to a single God but to all Gods of whatever beliefs. The beauty of the American democracy is that it empowers instead of stifles. It encourages instead of denies. To argue that prayer should not be allowed is unpatriotic, it is un-American. A prayer is a sign of thanks for everything that has been given to everyone. A single word or phrase isolated and taken out of context does much to remove the original intent from it. Reciting a prayer in public school classrooms does not further the cause of any single religion. Instead, it serves to show the rest of the world the pride that Americans have for their great nation. It shows unity. It shows strength. It shows the American way. References: Clark, James R. (1965). Messages of the First Presidency. Brigham Young University, Department of Educational Leadership Foundations. Retrieved on 2007-1-30. Fighting the Establishment (Clause). Bradley, Jennifer, The American Prospect, September 1, 1996. Available at: http://www. prospect. org/print/V7/28/bradley-j. html Religion in the Public Schools: A Joint Statement of Current Law. The American Civil Liberties Union, 1996. Available at: http://aclu. org/issues/religion/relig7. html West Encyclopedia of American Law. West Group, 1998. Busher, Leonard (1614). Religious Peace: or, a Plea for Liberty of Conscience. Whitsitt, Dr. William (1896). A Question in Baptist History: Whether the Anabaptists in England Practiced Immersion Before the Year 1641?. C. T. Dearing, pp. 69-70.

Early Onset Anorexia Essay -- Eating Disorders Health Nutrition Essays

Early Onset Anorexia In recent years, it seems that the public has begun to pay more attention to eating disorders. This trend could be a consequence of the heightened nutrition and fitness craze that the 1990's has brought about, or possibly a result of more intense and conclusive research studies. More clearly defined definitions of anorexia and bulimia in the DSM-IV may also have contributed to better diagnosis of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa is a disorder that in the majority of cases will start when the patient is a teenager. The mean age at onset is figured to be about 17 years of age. The distribution of cases appears 'to be asymmetrical with a skewness towards the higher ages (Theander, 1996). Recently, child psychiatrists have begun to recognize increasing cases beginning in childhood (McCune & Walford, 1991). While refusal to eat and loss of weight are common symptoms in child psychiatric practices, similarities between these anoretic states and the syndrome of anorexia nervosa are slight (Hawley, 1985). While severity of illness is usually associated with worse outcome, age of onset for anorexia can play a critical role in future outcome. Premenarcheal anorexia nervosa has serious implications for the progress of puberty which may in turn, have detrimental effects on the youngsters (Bryant-Waugh, Fosson, Knibbs, & Lask, 1987). It is important that pediatricians, psychiatrists, educators, and parents are able to identify this disorder at early ages. The purpose of the following sections of this paper are to help familiarize readers with signs and symptoms which may aid in identification of anorexia leading to an early diagnosis. Symptoms Associated with Anorexia Girls with anorexia nervosa may d... ...Age and Menstrual Status on Psychological Variables. Journal of -the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiary, 34, 378-382. Hawley, Richard. (1985). The Outcome of Anorexia Nervosa in Younger Subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 657660. McCune, Noel & Walford, Geraldine. (1991). Long-Term outcome in Early-Onset Anorexia Nervosa. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 383-389. Rastam, Maria. (1992). lmdrexia in 51 Swedish Adolescents: Premorbid Problems and Comorbidity. Journal of the American Academy of Chlld and Adolescent Psychiatry, 11, 819-827. Romeo, Felicia.(1996). Educators and the Onset of AnorexiaNervosa in Young. Education, 117, 55-60. Theander, Sten. (1996). Anorexia Nervosa with an Early Onset: Selection, Gender, Outcome, and Results of a Long-Term Follow-Up Study. Journal of Youth and Adolescencg, 25, 419428.

Deception Point Page 20

â€Å"This first sample here,† Corky said, pointing to a shiny, jet-black stone, â€Å"is an iron-core meteorite. Very heavy. This little guy landed in Antarctica a few years back.† Rachel studied the meteorite. It most certainly looked otherworldly-a blob of heavy grayish iron whose outer crust was burned and blackened. â€Å"That charred outer layer is called a fusion crust,† Corky said. â€Å"It's the result of extreme heating as the meteor falls through our atmosphere. All meteorites exhibit that charring.† Corky moved quickly to the next sample. â€Å"This next one is what we call a stony-iron meteorite.† Rachel studied the sample, noting that it too was charred on the outside. This sample, however, had a light-greenish tint, and the cross section looked like a collage of colorful angular fragments resembling a kaleidoscopic puzzle. â€Å"Pretty,† Rachel said. â€Å"Are you kidding, it's gorgeous!† Corky talked for a minute about the high olivine content causing the green luster, and then he reached dramatically for the third and final sample, handing it to Rachel. Rachel held the final meteorite in her palm. This one was grayish brown in color, resembling granite. It felt heavier than a terrestrial stone, but not substantially. The only indication suggesting it was anything other than a normal rock was its fusion crust-the scorched outer surface. â€Å"This,† Corky said with finality, â€Å"is called a stony meteorite. It's the most common class of meteorite. More than ninety percent of meteorites found on earth are of this category.† Rachel was surprised. She had always pictured meteorites more like the first sample-metallic, alien-looking blobs. The meteorite in her hand looked anything but extraterrestrial. Aside from the charred exterior, it looked like something she might step over on the beach. Corky's eyes were bulging now with excitement. â€Å"The meteorite buried in the ice here at Milne is a stony meteorite-a lot like the one in your hand. Stony meteorites appear almost identical to our terrestrial igneous rocks, which makes them tough to spot. Usually a blend of lightweight silicates-feldspar, olivine, pyroxene. Nothing too exciting.† I'll say, Rachel thought, handing the sample back to him. â€Å"This one looks like a rock someone left in a fireplace and burned.† Corky burst out laughing. â€Å"One hell of a fireplace! The meanest blast furnace ever built doesn't come close to reproducing the heat a meteoroid feels when it hits our atmosphere. They get ravaged!† Tolland gave Rachel an empathetic smile. â€Å"This is the good part.† â€Å"Picture this,† Corky said, taking the meteorite sample from Rachel. â€Å"Let's imagine this little fella is the size of a house.† He held the sample high over his head. â€Å"Okay†¦ it's in space†¦ floating across our solar system†¦ cold-soaked from the temperature of space to minus one hundred degrees Celsius.† Tolland was chuckling to himself, apparently already having seen Corky's reenactment of the meteorite's arrival on Ellesmere Island. Corky began lowering the sample. â€Å"Our meteorite is moving toward earth†¦ and as it's getting very close, our gravity locks on†¦ accelerating†¦ accelerating†¦ â€Å" Rachel watched as Corky sped up the sample's trajectory, mimicking the acceleration of gravity. â€Å"Now it's moving fast,† Corky exclaimed. â€Å"Over ten miles per second-thirty-six thousand miles per hour! At 135 kilometers above the earth's surface, the meteorite begins to encounter friction with the atmosphere.† Corky shook the sample violently as he lowered it toward the ice. â€Å"Falling below one hundred kilometers, it's starting to glow! Now the atmospheric density is increasing, and the friction is incredible! The air around the meteoroid is becoming incandescent as the surface material melts from the heat.† Corky started making burning and sizzling sound effects. â€Å"Now it's falling past the eighty-kilometer mark, and the exterior becomes heated to over eighteen hundred degrees Celsius!† Rachel watched in disbelief as the presidential award-winning astrophysicist shook the meteorite more fiercely, sputtering out juvenile sound effects. â€Å"Sixty kilometers!† Corky was shouting now. â€Å"Our meteoroid encounters the atmospheric wall. The air is too dense! It violently decelerates at more than three hundred times the force of gravity!† Corky made a screeching braking sound and slowed his descent dramatically. â€Å"Instantly, the meteorite cools and stops glowing. We've hit dark flight! The meteoroid's surface hardens from its molten stage to a charred fusion crust.† Rachel heard Tolland groan as Corky knelt on the ice to perform the coup de grace-earth impact. â€Å"Now,† Corky said, â€Å"our huge meteorite is skipping across our lower atmosphere†¦ † On his knees, he arched the meteorite toward the ground on a shallow slant. â€Å"It's headed toward the Arctic Ocean†¦ on an oblique angle†¦ falling†¦ looking almost like it will skip off the ocean†¦ falling†¦ and†¦ † He touched the sample to the ice. â€Å"BAM!† Rachel jumped. â€Å"The impact is cataclysmic! The meteorite explodes. Fragments fly off, skipping and spinning across the ocean.† Corky went into slow motion now, rolling and tumbling the sample across the invisible ocean toward Rachel's feet. â€Å"One piece keeps skimming, tumbling toward Ellesmere Island†¦ † He brought it right up to her toe. â€Å"It skips off the ocean, bouncing up onto land†¦ † He moved it up and over the tongue of her shoe and rolled it to a stop on top of her foot near her ankle. â€Å"And finally comes to rest high on the Milne Glacier, where snow and ice quickly cover it, protecting it from atmospheric erosion.† Corky stood up with a smile. Rachel's mouth fell slack. She gave an impressed laugh. â€Å"Well, Dr. Marlinson, that explanation was exceptionally†¦ â€Å" â€Å"Lucid?† Corky offered. Rachel smiled. â€Å"In a word.† Corky handed the sample back to her. â€Å"Look at the cross section.† Rachel studied the rock's interior a moment, seeing nothing. â€Å"Tilt it into the light,† Tolland prompted, his voice warm and kind. â€Å"And look closely.† Rachel brought the rock close to her eyes and tilted it against the dazzling halogens reflecting overhead. Now she saw it-tiny metallic globules glistening in the stone. Dozens of them were peppered throughout the cross section like minuscule droplets of mercury, each only about a millimeter across. â€Å"Those little bubbles are called ‘chondrules,'† Corky said. â€Å"And they occur only in meteorites.† Rachel squinted at the droplets. â€Å"Granted, I've never seen anything like this in an earth rock.† â€Å"Nor will you!† Corky declared. â€Å"Chondrules are one geologic structure we simply do not have on earth. Some chondrules are exceptionally old-perhaps madeup of the earliest materials in the universe. Other chondrules are much younger, like the ones in your hand. The chondrules in that meteorite date only about 190 million years old.† â€Å"One hundred ninety million years is young?† â€Å"Heck, yes! In cosmological terms, that's yesterday. The point here, though, is that this sample contains chondrules-conclusive meteoric evidence.† â€Å"Okay,† Rachel said. â€Å"Chondrules are conclusive. Got it.† â€Å"And finally,† Corky said, heaving a sigh, â€Å"if the fusion crust and chondrules don't convince you, we astronomers have a foolproof method to confirm meteoric origin.† â€Å"Being?† Corky gave a casual shrug. â€Å"We simply use a petrographic polarizing microscope, an x-ray fluorescence spectrometer, a neutron activation analyzer, or an induction-coupled plasma spectrometer to measure ferromagnetic ratios.†

Juvenile Delinquency - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 292 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? On Sunday, Officers learned that a 31-year old man named Antonio had attacked two women and began pursuing him (KPLC Digital Staff, 2017). The police encountered Antonio on Wednesday who led them on a high-speed chase before he lost control of his car and crashed into a residence. Antonio then fled on foot leaving an infant child behind. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Juvenile Delinquency" essay for you Create order Antonio ran into a 56-year-old woman’s residence and held her for an hour before fleeing and leaving the woman unharmed. Police later learned that Antonio was at one of his family members named Katrina residence. Katrina is believed to have helped Antonio escape. Katrina was arrested on the same day and charged with contributing to juvenile delinquency, and obstruction of justice (KPLC Digital Staff, 2017). Another friend and a family member by the name of Jessica was also arrested and charged with the same. The above is an example of the Rational choice theory. The theory states that people always make logical and prudent decisions. They make these choices to get the greatest satisfaction or benefit.   The motives behind Antonio actions are unknown. However, the two family members and friend broke the law to protect Antonino. They made a choice to commit a crime based on their need to protect their friend and family member. Although they did not attain any money, sex, or status, they benefited from the satisfaction of helping a friend and family member. According to them helping a family member was greater than the consequences of breaking the law. The family members and friend failed to weigh the legal consequences involved with committing these crimes. They did not want Antonio to be convicted because this would mean a loss for them. A free Antonio would give them more satisfaction and pleasure.